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Richard Beckhard (1928–1999) was an American organizational theorist, Adjunct Professor at MIT, and pioneer in the field of organization development. Beckhard co-launched the ''Addison-Wesley Organization Development Series'' and began the ''Organization Development Network'' in 1967.〔(Organization Development Network )〕 His classic work, ''Organization Development: Strategies and Models,'' was published in 1969. Beckhard was an adjunct professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management from 1963-1984. He died on December 28, 1999.〔(Richard Beckhard Obituary, MIT )〕 He helped to define organization development as: "an effort (1) planned, (2) organization-wide, (3) managed from the top, to (4) increase organization effectiveness and health through (5) planned interventions in the organization's 'processes', using behavioural-science knowledge".〔Beckhard, R., 1969, p. 9. Organization Development: Strategies and Models〕 Together with David Gleicher, he is credited with developing a Formula for Change. The formula proposes that the combination of organisational dissatisfaction, vision for the future and the possibility of immediate, tactical action must be stronger than the resistance within the organisation in order for meaningful change to occur. Beckhard is also credited for developing the ''GRPI model'' which highlights four key conditions (Growth, Roles, Processes, Interpersonal) for team effectiveness.〔Beckhard, R. (1972). Optimizing Team Building Efforts. Journal of Contemporary Business, pp. 23–27. Credit to Beckhard and citation as under: 〕 == Selected publications == ;Books, a selection * Beckhard, Richard. "Organization development: Strategies and models." (1969). * Beckhard, Richard, and Reuben T. Harris. ''Organizational transitions: Managing complex change''. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1977. * Beckhard, Richard, and Wendy Pritchard. ''Changing the essence: The art of creating and leading fundamental change in organizations''. Vol. 10. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1992. * Hesselbein, Frances, Marshall Goldsmith, and Richard Beckhard. The leader of the future. Jossey Bass, 1996. ;Articles, a selection * Beckhard, Richard, and Gibb Dyer Jr. "Managing continuity in the family-owned business." ''Organizational Dynamics'' 12.1 (1983): 5-12. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Richard Beckhard」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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